摘要


Over the last decade, a massive body of research has been devoted to uncovering human dishonesty. In the present paper, we review more than a hundred papers from this literature and provide a comprehensive overview by first listing the existing theoretical frameworks, and then covering the common empirical approaches, synthesizing the demographic and personal characteristics of those who cheat, identifying the behavioural mechanisms found that affect dishonesty and finally we finish by discussing how the empirical evidence fit theory. Overall, the review concludes that many people behave dishonestly, but also that it is a highly malleable behavior sensitive to elements such as decision contexts, behaviour of others, state of mind and depletion. The review can be used as an overview of the dishonesty literature or as a guide or work of reference for selected topics of interest.

过去十年中,大量研究致力于揭露人类的不诚实。本文通过回顾一百多篇论文,首先列出现有理论框架,然后介绍常见的实证方法,综合欺骗者的人口特征和个体特征,确定影响不诚实的机制,最后我们讨论了实证证据如何契合理论。

总的结论是,许多人不诚实地行事,但欺骗是高度可塑性的行为,对诸如决策环境、他人行为、精神状态和消耗(depletion)等因素敏感

本文可作为对不诚实的文献综述,或作为对所选感兴趣主题的指导或工作参考。

文献综述


论文选择遵循三方面限制

文献综述结构

本文的组织结构如下:

Theory: Why Do We Lie?

六种主要的理论解释人们从事不道德行为,已经在研究中确定潜在驱动因素

An Economic Model of Crime and Dishonesty

Moral Balance Model

Self-Concept Maintenance Theory

Self-Serving Justifications

Moral Disengagement

Bounded Ethicality and Ethical Blindness

Method: How Do We Study Dishonesty?